Types of Battery
Any battery pack is made up of individual cells. Inside these
cells, chemical energy is converted into electrical energy.
Battery:-
A battery is basically a combination
of number of cells arranged in a series to get the required output.
Main Classification of Battery
1) Primary Battery
Primary
Battery mainly used in portable devices like in Torch, Remote control etc.we are
required to change the battery on these devices once they are no longer able to
provide the power that is required by the device. This is one of the primary
characteristics of primary battery.
The chemical reaction in these type of batteries is not reversible that is why they are not rechargeable. Primary battery are
cheap, light weighted and they are required little or no maintenance. The most common type
of primary battery is the dry cell type which require zinc or carbon as electrolyte.
2)Secondary Battery
Secondary
battery are rechargeable in nature and hence find more prominence. one of the
major application of secondary battery is it used SLI application.
SLI stands for Starting Lighting Ignition. Other areas where secondary batteries are used in mobile phones, camcorders and so on. Examples of secondary batteries include lead acid, nickel-cadmium(NiCd), nickel
metal hydride(NI-MH), Lithium ion batteries.
Let us see which parameter needs to be
consider when selecting the battery:
· 1) C Rate :
When we need the instantaneous
power from our battery, the C rate is the one which help us.
2) Range of vehicles:
In general, we need the higher
range. As the higher range we achieve, higher will be our battery size.
3)Weight and Size:
As the size increases, weight of
our battery will increase, and overall complexity will Increase. Ultimately, it will
effect the energy efficiency. In today EV’s,50-60% weight is eat up by battery only.
4) Capital Cost:
If we are getting higher weight and
higher size,then we are getting the higher range.But the capital investment for our battery
will be higher as well.
5) Recharge time:
If we have good battery, good
battery capacity, but what we suppose to wait 7-8 hours to recharge our battery. Battery charging time is also an important parameter to be considered.
6) Safety:
As we are working with the batteries, there are chemical inside and human safety is the Very first thing we need to consider.
Expectations
from a battery:
- High specific energy
- High specific power
- Affordable price
- Long life
- Safety
- Wide operating range
- Toxicity
- Fast charging
There are some other types of
secondary batteries but the 4 major types are :
1) Lead acid battery
It was a default battery technology
for the electric vehicle. It has a lower capital cost than other competing
battery technologies. It has a limited life cycle if operated on a deep rate of
SOC(state of charge).It has low energy. It may need maintenance. It has low
effiency compared to other batteries
2) Nickel-Cadmium(Ni-Cd)
Nickel cadmium is rechargeable battery used for portable computers,
camcorders, photography equipments,flashlights,toys and other portable
devices. This battery is comparatively inexpensive. This battery has long life. It can discharge fully without being damaged.
3) Nickel Metal Hydried(Ni-MH)
This battery has double energy density compared to lead acid.This battery can store volumetric power and energy. This battery is used in wide range of electronic devices such as digital cameras,cellular phones, transceivers etc.
4) Lithium-ion battery(Li-ion)
Nickle metal hydride and Lithium ion emerge 1990’s,fighting nose to nose to gain customer acceptance.Toay,Lithium ion is the fastest growing and most promising battery chemistry.Lithium ion batteries are used in many products such as electronis,small and large appliances, electric vehicles.
